Taken together with her, self-statement and you may emotional data imply that the brand new address-thinking task triggered anxiety and you may aerobic reactivity which had been rather additional regarding standard membership; these types of variables did not vary according to intercourse and you will trait resilience

To check these types of hypotheses, Tugade and you can Fredrickson (2004) built-up continued tips from cardiovascular answering away from the users (N = 57) at a sample rate of a thousand Hz. Half a dozen indices out of cardio answering were accumulated, including (1) heart rate (HR), (2) fist heart circulation amplitude (FPA), (3) heartbeat signal moments with the digit (PTF), (4) heart circulation transmission for you personally to the latest ear canal (PTE), (5) diastolic blood pressure levels (DBP), and you may (6) systolic hypertension (SBP). Once a sleep baseline, stress try experimentally created from the advising users that they might have sixty sec so you’re able to mentally prepare a speech toward a home-associated thing. Following the 60-sec, speech-planning activity, you will find good 3-min recovery period. Members plus completed care about-profile away from subjective psychological feel, ambient positive and negative temper (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1989), and you will trait strength (Cut off & Kremen, 1996).

Results revealed that, across every members, the brand new speech preparation activity brought subjective skills away from stress and grows in aerobic reactivity out-of standard (discover Table 1 ). These changes reflect activity-triggered, aerobic stimulation, which has heartrate speed, improved hypertension, and peripheral vasoconstriction.

Desk step 1

Note babel review. Recreated which have consent regarding APA. Time = heart rate within the beats for every minute; FPA = finger pulse amplitude during the mv; PTF = pulse signal for you personally to the brand new digit and you will PTE = heart circulation transmission for you personally to the new ear, for each in the msec; DBP = diastolic blood pressure levels and you will SBP = systolic blood circulation pressure, per from inside the mmHg. Asterices imply alter significantly additional function baseline tips of the in this-subject t-testing (df = 55).

Our first prediction was that trait resilience would predict subjective reports of positive emotionality. Results revealed support for this prediction: Trait resilience was positively associated with positive mood as assessed by the PANAS (Watson et al., 1988) (r = .38, p<.01), (but not associated with negative mood). Adding further support to our first prediction, we found that higher trait resilience was associated with more happiness (r = .47, p<.01) and more interest (r = .33, p<.01) during the speech preparation task. To quantify positive emotionality in a single measure, we created a composite index by summing the standardized scores of positive mood and standardized emotion reports of happiness in response to the speech preparation task. 1 As predicted, trait resilience was positively related to the positive emotionality composite index (r = .46, p<.001).

Our second prediction was that psychological resilience would be negatively related with duration of cardiovascular reactivity. We calculated an aggregate index of duration of cardiovascular reactivity (time to return to baseline levels) for each participant by computing the mean duration score across the six cardiovascular indices (for a detailed description of this data-reduction technique, see Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998). As predicted, findings demonstrated that trait resilience was negatively correlated to duration of cardiovascular reactivity (r = ?.26, p<.05), indicating that those with higher trait resilience evidenced faster cardiovascular recovery from negative emotional arousal.

Our final prediction stated that positive emotions would mediate the effect of resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity following the speech-preparation task. The statistical analysis framework suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) was used to test for mediation effects. Findings revealed support for our final prediction: Data indicated that the effect of trait resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity was no longer significant when controlling for positive emotionality (Beta = ?.15, t<1, ns) (for full details of the test of mediation, please refer to Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).