Blood glucose levels

Venous bloodstream are taken using a beneficial Teflon catheter in the ear limited vein, and blood sugar levels level is actually mentioned using commercial strips and you can a glucose meter (Accu-Chek ® Productive, Roche, Germany).

Mathematical study

All data is presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis of data was performed with GraphPad Prism (version 6.07 for Windows, GraphPad Software, San Diego California, USA). Non-normally distributed variables: body weight www.datingranking.net/baptist-dating/, hematocrit, SD1, SD2, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio. Normally distributed variables: blood glucose, heart rate, cardiac cycle duration, cardiac contraction time, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, HRV total power. Mean arterial pressure as well as HRV power bands were normally distributed before but not after vagotomyparison between two groups was performed using parametric (Student?s t-tests) or nonparametric (Mann–Whitney or Wilcoxon test) tests, according to the data structureparison between more than two groups was performed using nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal–Wallis) test. Statistical decision level was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean body weight of control animals (1.87 ± 0.08 kg; n = 11) was like the initial mean weight of animals exposed to CNH (1.79 ± 0.10 kg; n = 8). After 14 days, the body weight of control rabbits increased significantly to 2.27 ± 0.10 kg (p < 0.05). In contrast, the average body weight of CNH exposed rabbits was not significantly modified after 2-wks of CNH exposure (1.79 ± 0.10 kg vs. 1.78 ± 0.11 kg). Moreover, at the end of the CNH exposure rabbits had lower body weights than predicted values based on unexposed rabbits (2.27 ± 0.10 kg, p < 0.01).

CNH affected hematocrit but did not alter blood glucose levels. The mean hematocrit increased from 40.3 ± 0.7% at the beginning of the CNH period to 55.8 ± 0.9% after 14 days of CNH (p < 0.001). The mean blood glucose levels, measured after anesthetic induction and prior to physiological recordings, were similar in control and CNH rabbits (7.99 ± 0.51 mmol/L, n = 5 and 8.55 ± 0.47 mmol/L, n = 5, respectively; p > 0.05).

Aftereffects of CNH toward resting cardio variables within the basal standards

Table step 1 gets the indicate opinions to your cardio parameters having control and you may CNH rabbits counted during the a great ten-minute tape of straight cardio beats after the induction regarding anesthesia. Rabbits met with 2 weeks from CNH had no statistically extreme differences (p > 0.05) in arterial pressure, heartbeat, cardiac stage course and contraction big date, as compared to manage rabbits. Specifically, pulse rate and indicate arterial as well as systolic and you can diastolic arterial pressures was slightly however significantly increased in the CNH rabbits as compared to values in control rabbits (Table step 1). Also, arterial heart circulation stress is actually slightly but not notably reduced in CNH rabbits regarding handle pet (Table step 1).

Aerobic variables just after two-sided vagotomy

Most cardiovascular variables were affected by bilateral vagotomy (Table 2) in control rabbits. After vagotomy, mean heart rate increased significantly from ± bpm to ± bpm (p < 0.05; Fig. 2a). Similarly, after vagotomy, mean systolic, diastolic, and pulse arterial pressure increased (p < 0.05), and mean arterial blood pressure also increased (p < 0.05). Conversely, bilateral vagotomy did not modify significantly these cardiovascular variables in the CNH rabbits (Table 2).

Heart rate before and after bilateral vagotomy in control and CNH rabbits. a Mean heart rate was significantly increased in control (n = 6) but not in CNH rabbits (n = 6) after bilateral vagotomy (Vg_Texas). b Scatter plot of mean heart rate after bilateral vagotomy as a function of basal mean heart rate. Dotted line: line of identity. c In control rabbits, changes in mean heart rate were maximal in the midrange of basal heart rate; in CNH rabbits, changes were inversely and linearly related to basal mean heart rate. Control rabbits: empty circles, continuous line. CNH rabbits: filled circles, segmented line. Bars: SEM. *p < 0.05